Published: 31 December 2025
There exists a significant deficit in government financial incentives and effective supervision as the majority of secondary schools in the country are MPO-enlisted and established through private initiatives. Furthermore, national and international reports, as well as the media, regularly highlight infrastructural weaknesses, teacher shortages, irregular teaching, and instances of irregularities and corruption. Reports have surfaced regarding inadequate classrooms and teacher crises, lack of hygienic sanitation and safe water facilities, bribery in teacher recruitment, transfers, and promotions, as well as irregularities in collecting admission and other fees- all of which directly impact the quality of education and student attendance. Additionally, nepotism in school management committees, corruption in budget management, and unauthorized fee collection for education stipends reflect a lack of transparency and accountability in the secondary education system.
Education is one of the core thematic areas of TIB’s activities. Along with research and advocacy initiatives in this sector, TIB has long been working at the local level through its Committees of Concerned Citizens (CCC) to ensure quality services, promote good governance, and prevent corruption in educational institutions. In this context, to make secondary education more inclusive and quality-oriented, TIB is implementing secondary school monitoring activities under the ‘PACTA’ project by ensuring active participation of the local community and fostering an environment of transparency and accountability.
Through community monitoring, it has been possible to identify various issues such as teacher absenteeism, irregular teaching, infrastructural problems, the ineffectiveness of school management committees, lack of transparency in information disclosure, and tendencies toward corruption. This participatory process plays an effective role in ensuring good governance in the management of secondary schools through the involvement of local citizens and in creating a policy impact at the national level. Given the prevalence of corruption and irregularities in the secondary education sector, TIB is conducting various research and advocacy activities at the national level, alongside local-level initiatives through its CCCs. In continuation of these efforts, this report has been prepared by analyzing data and information derived from participatory community monitoring.
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